How to Use Adjectives in Cantonese: Placement and Agreement

Understanding Cantonese Adjectives

In Cantonese, adjectives are used to describe nouns and can function both descriptively and as complements. Unlike English, where adjectives typically precede the noun, in Cantonese, placement can vary depending on the structure used.

Adjectives as Pre-modifiers

When used as pre-modifiers, adjectives in Cantonese are typically placed before the noun they describe, much like in English. For instance, 'a big house' would translate to '大屋'. The adjective 大 (dai6) meaning 'big' precedes 屋 (uk1), meaning 'house'.

Adjectives as Predicatives

Cantonese adjectives can also serve as predicates. In this structure, the adjective comes after the noun, often connected by a linking verb such as 係 (hai6). For example, 'The house is big' translates to '屋係大'. Here, 係 (hai6) functions as the linking verb.

Using 的 (dik1) with Adjectives

In some phrases, the possessive particle 的 (dik1) is used when an adjective modifies a noun, particularly when more emphasis is on the adjective. This usage is common in more formal or written Cantonese.

Common Adjective-Noun Orders

While adjective placement can vary, certain patterns are common. For instance, when adjectives denote unequivocal qualities such as size, shape, or color, they typically appear before the noun. However, when describing temporary states or opinions, they might follow the noun.

Practice Using Adjectives

To master Cantonese adjectives, practice constructing sentences both on your own and with native speakers. Utilizing resources like language podcasts or engaging with Cantonese-speaking communities will enhance your understanding.