How to Use the Greek Article with Abstract and Proper Nouns

Understanding the Greek Article

In Greek, the definite article is used more extensively than in English. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. Unlike English, Greek often uses the article with abstract nouns and proper nouns, which can be confusing for English speakers learning Greek.

Using the Article with Abstract Nouns

Abstract nouns in Greek typically take the definite article. This usage helps specify the concept or idea being discussed. For example, the word for 'love' is αγάπη. When referring to love in general, Greek uses the article: η αγάπη (the love). This is different from English, where abstract nouns often appear without an article.

Examples:

• η ελευθερία (freedom)
• η δικαιοσύνη (justice)
• η ομορφιά (beauty)

In these cases, the article helps to personify or emphasize the abstract concept.

Using the Article with Proper Nouns

Greek frequently uses the definite article with proper nouns, including personal names, geographical names, and titles. This is unlike English, where proper nouns usually stand alone without an article.

Examples of personal names with the article:

• ο Γιώργος (George)
• η Μαρία (Maria)

Examples of geographical names with the article:

• η Αθήνα (Athens)
• ο Πειραιάς (Piraeus)

Using the article with proper nouns can indicate familiarity or specificity.

Exceptions and Notes

Not all proper nouns take the article in Greek. For example, some foreign names or certain place names may not use the article. Additionally, when using titles or professions with names, the article is often included: ο καθηγητής Παπαδόπουλος (Professor Papadopoulos).

Summary of Key Points

• Greek uses the definite article with abstract nouns to specify concepts.
• Proper nouns in Greek often take the definite article, unlike in English.
• The article agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun.
• There are exceptions depending on the type of proper noun and context.