How to Learn Numbers and Numerals in Slovak

Introduction to Slovak Numbers

Numbers are an essential part of everyday communication. In Slovak, numbers have unique forms and rules that differ from English. This article will guide you through the basics of Slovak numbers and numerals to help you count, tell time, and use numbers correctly.

Cardinal Numbers in Slovak

Cardinal numbers are used for counting and answering the question "How many?" Here are the Slovak cardinal numbers from 1 to 10:

Note that Slovak numbers have gender forms for some numbers, especially 'one' (jeden) which changes depending on the gender of the noun it describes.

Numbers 11 to 20

Numbers from 11 to 19 are formed by combining the base number with the suffix '-násť', similar to the English '-teen'. The number 20 is 'dvadsať'.

Tens and Larger Numbers

Tens are formed by combining the base number with '-desiat' or '-desiat' variations. For example, 30 is 'tridsať', 40 is 'štyridsať', and so on. Hundreds and thousands follow similar patterns.

Ordinal Numbers in Slovak

Ordinal numbers indicate position or order, like first, second, third. In Slovak, ordinal numbers are often formed by adding suffixes to the cardinal numbers and agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify.

For example, 'prvý deň' means 'first day' (masculine), while 'prvá hodina' means 'first hour' (feminine).

Using Numbers in Context

When using numbers with nouns, Slovak requires agreement in case, number, and sometimes gender. For example, the number 'two' changes form depending on the noun it describes.

Practice Examples

Here are some examples of numbers used in sentences:

- Mám tri jablká. (I have three apples.)

- Vidím päť áut. (I see five cars.)

- Je to môj prvý deň v škole. (It is my first day at school.)

Tips for Learning Slovak Numbers

1. Practice pronunciation regularly to get familiar with Slovak sounds.
2. Memorize numbers in small groups (1-10, 11-20, tens, etc.).
3. Use numbers in real-life contexts like telling time, shopping, or counting objects.
4. Pay attention to gender and case agreements when using numbers with nouns.