Understanding the Use of -сь and -ся Verbs in Russian

The Basics of -сь and -ся Suffixes in Russian Verbs

The suffixes -сь or -ся are reflexive markers in Russian verbs, indicating actions directed back at the subject or emphasizing passive voice.

Why the Suffixes Matter

In Russian, the reflexive suffixes -сь or -ся are crucial because they change the meaning and function of verbs. Here's how they work:

• Reflexive Actions: The action is performed by and affects the same subject. E.g., "учиться" means "to learn (for oneself)."
• Passive Voice: The action impacts the subject without specifying the performer. Example: "строиться" means "is being built/fixed."
• Reciprocal Actions: When two or more subjects perform actions mutually. For instance, "встречаться" implies meeting each other.

Using -сь vs -ся Ending Correctly

The choice between -сь and -ся primarily depends on the grammatical form of the verb.

Forming Reflexive Verbs

Not all verbs can become reflexive using these suffixes. Typically, transitive verbs (those requiring an object) can become reflexive.

Reflexive Verb Formation: A Step-by-step

1. Identify a transitive verb: e.g., "мыть" (to wash).
2. Convert it to its reflexive form: "мыться" (to wash oneself).

Examples and Common Uses of -сь and -ся Verbs

To get accustomed to these verb forms, it's helpful to see them in context. Here are some commonly used forms:

• Открыться: to open (by itself)
• Использоваться: to be used
• Обсуждаться: to be discussed

Practice with Contextual Understanding

Engage with Russian texts to observe the use of reflexive verbs and practice forming them from regular verbs to gain proficiency.