How to Use Gerunds and Infinitives in Italian for English Learners

Understanding the distinction and use of gerunds and infinitives in Italian is essential for English speakers learning the language. Though both are verb forms, their usage can differ significantly between English and Italian, which can be a source of confusion for learners.

What Are Gerunds and Infinitives in Italian?

In Italian, the gerund (gerundio) is a verb form that often corresponds to the English '-ing' form. It is used to express continuous actions or describe how something is done. The infinitive (infinito), on the other hand, is the dictionary form of the verb and can act as a noun.

Formation of Italian Gerunds

Italian gerunds are formed by adding -ando to the stem of -are verbs, and -endo to -ere and -ire verbs. For example, the gerund of parlare (to speak) is parlando, whereas for leggere (to read), it is leggendo.

Using Infinitives in Italian

Infinitives in Italian can function as a noun within sentences. This is similar to English, where we might say, "To read is fun." In Italian, this becomes Leggere è divertente. Infinitives can also follow certain verbs and prepositions.

Common Mistakes Made by English Speakers

English speakers must also be wary of 'false friends' – verbs that take a gerund in English but an infinitive in Italian, and vice versa. For instance, many verbs in Italian that express preferences or intentions, such as volere (to want), preferire (to prefer), and amare (to love), are followed by an infinitive.

Practice Makes Perfect

The best way to master the use of gerunds and infinitives in Italian is through consistent practice. Try to create simple sentences using both forms and pay attention to how they are used in context when listening to native speakers or reading Italian texts.