How to Use Infinitives in Hebrew for English Speakers

Understanding Infinitives in Hebrew

In Hebrew, infinitives are used to express actions in an undefined manner. They are the base form of a verb, similar to the English verb form "to + verb" such as "to eat" or "to sleep." While Hebrew infinitives initially appear complex, they follow predictable patterns that English speakers can learn with practice.

Formation and Structure

Hebrew infinitives are usually derived from the verb root and can appear in various binyanim (verb patterns). Each pattern has a distinct vocalization and morphological structure that alters the verb meaning while maintaining the root consonants.

Common Binyanim for Infinitives

• Pa'al: the simplest form, e.g., לכתוב (lirtov) - to write
• Nif'al: often reflects passive meanings, e.g., להירשם (leherashem) - to be registered
• Hif'il: generally causative, e.g., להבין (lehavin) - to cause to understand, comprehend
• Pi'el: for intensive actions, e.g., לדבר (ledaber) - to speak
• Hitpa'el: reflexive and reciprocal actions, e.g., להתלבש (lehitlabesh) - to get dressed

Infinitives in Sentence Construction

Infinitives play a crucial role in Hebrew sentences, often used following specific verbs, prepositions, or conjunctions. They can serve as subjects, objects, or to complement another verb.

Examples with Infinitives

Consider these examples to see how infinitives are incorporated into sentences:

• אני רוצה לְהִתְרַחֵץ. - Ani rotseh lehitrachatz. - I want to bathe.
• היא אוהבת לִקְרוֹא ספרים. - Hi ohevet likro sefarim. - She loves to read books.
• הוא צריך לְהַכְלִיט על משהו. - Hu tzarich lehalit al mashehu. - He needs to decide on something.

Practicing Infinitives

To master Hebrew infinitives, practice is key. Try constructing sentences using the infinitive form. Additionally, listening to spoken Hebrew in various contexts can enhance understanding and help in memorizing patterns.